Credential Sprawl: Auditing the True Operational Cost of Layered Enterprise Authentication
Enterprise authentication architectures have grown more complex with each successive security layer, yet the operational costs of that complexity remain largely unmeasured. From SSO federation overhead to service-to-service token management, the friction embedded in modern identity systems compounds invisibly across engineering workflows, integration pipelines, and incident response timelines — representing a material expense that most organizations have never formally quantified.